Otto Fischer (October 2, 1881 – November 31, 1947) was a German chemist who is regarded as one of the pioneers of organic chemistry. He is best known for his work on the synthesis and structure of organic compounds, particularly the discovery of new methods for the preparation of alkenes and alkynes.
Fischer began his career as an assistant to Emil Fischer (no relation) at the University of Berlin, where he later became a professor of organic chemistry. He made significant contributions to the field, including the discovery of the Fischer-Hepp rearrangement and the synthesis of several important natural products, such as papaverine and morphine.
During World War II, Fischer was involved in research on chemical weapons for the German military. After the war, he was briefly detained by Allied forces before being released due to poor health. He died in 1947 at the age of 66.
Fischer's legacy in the field of organic chemistry is reflected in the many awards and honours he received during his lifetime, including the prestigious Davy Medal from the Royal Society of London in 1935 for his work on the structure and synthesis of natural products.
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